3/7/2024 0 Comments Adhd medication for young kids![]() Each visit is weighted on the basis of 3-stage probability sampling of geographic areas, physician practices, and randomly sampled visits from each physician practice. These surveys are nationally representative samples of outpatient provider visits that collect cross-sectional data such as patient demographics, prescriber information, diagnosis codes, and medications and therapies prescribed. The study data set was obtained from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for the period 2006–2015 and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for the period 2006–2011. 8 In an analysis of 5-year treatment trajectories for children newly diagnosed with ADHD, authors reported that younger age at diagnosis was a pronounced determinant of psychotropic polypharmacy and antipsychotic use, with continuous increases in each year of follow-up. ![]() 7 From 1993 to 1998, the proportion of pediatric office visits in which stimulants were coprescribed with ≥1 other psychotropic medication increased nearly fivefold. Among child and adolescent ambulatory office visits associated with a mental disorder diagnosis, the percentage of visits with multiclass psychotropic treatment increased from 22.2% in 1996–1999 to 32.2% in 2004–2007, with a sixfold increase in the coprescription of ADHD and antipsychotic medication. In fact, the incidence and prevalence of polypharmacy in pediatric mental health conditions is on the rise. ![]() 1, 6 These conditions frequently have complicated and similar presentations with overlapping symptomatology that result in medication therapy. 7 Nearly two-thirds of patients with ADHD have concomitant psychiatric comorbidities such as aggressive and/or conduct disorders, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), mood and/or depressive disorders, learning disabilities, and sleep disorders. 6 Stimulant medications are prescribed in >70% of ADHD outpatient visits. 4, 5 Parent-reported data from 2016 reveal that 62% of children 2 to 17 years of age with ADHD in the United States received ADHD medication, whereas fewer than half received behavioral treatment. 3 Clinical guidelines emphasize behavioral or psychotherapy as either first-line treatment (preschool-aged children) or combined with medication (older children and adolescents). 1, 3 The percentage of children 4 to 17 years of age with an ADHD diagnosis increased by 42% between 20, along with a 28% increase in ADHD medication therapy. 2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention epidemiological surveys of parents in the United States reveal that ADHD diagnoses and medication treatment of youth have risen since 2003. Functional impairments in central neurotransmitter systems, particularly those involving dopamine and norepinephrine, disrupt executive functions such as attentional and inhibitory control and working memory. 1 This chronic condition often presents early in life with attention difficulties, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder in childhood, affecting ∼5% to 11% of children and adolescents.
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